Facts + Statistics: Uninsured motorists

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Uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage reimburses policyholders in an accident involving an uninsured, underinsured or hit-and-run driver. Twenty states and the District of Columbia have mandatory requirements for uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage. More than half of the states have passed laws and begun to develop and implement online auto insurance verification systems to identify uninsured motorists.

In 2022, 14.0 percent of motorists, or about one in seven drivers, were uninsured, according to a 2023 study by the Insurance Research Council (IRC). From 2017 to 2019, most states saw declining UM (Uninsured Motorist) rates. The largest decrease was in Montana, while the largest increases were in Florida and Michigan. With the start of the pandemic, the UM rate jumped in nearly every state in 2020, with the largest increase in the District of Columbia. From 2020 to 2022, the UM rate continued upward in many states but declined in Others. Michigan saw the largest decline with a 6.2 percentage-point drop. The IRC measures the number of uninsured motorists based on insurance claims, using a ratio of insurance claims made by people who were injured by uninsured drivers relative to the claims made by people who were injured by insured drivers. In 2022, 19 states and the District of Columbia had uninsured motorist rates greater than the countrywide rate (14.0 percent) while 31 states had rates below the countrywide rate.

Estimated Percentage Of Uninsured Motorists, 2017-2022 (1)

 

Year Percent
2017 11.6%
2018 11.5
2019 11.1
2020 13.9
2021 14.2
2022 14.0

(1) Percentage of uninsured drivers, as measured by the ratio of uninsured motorists (UM) claims to bodily injury (BI) claim frequencies.

Source: Insurance Research Council.

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Top 10 Highest And Lowest States By Estimated Percentage Of Uninsured Motorists, 2022 (1)

 

  Highest   Lowest
Rank (2) State Percent uninsured Rank (2) State Percent uninsured
1 D.C. 25.2% 1 Wyoming 5.9%
2 New Mexico 24.9 2 Maine 6.2
3 Mississippi 22.2 3 Idaho 6.2
4 Tennessee 20.9 4 Utah 7.3
5 Michigan 19.6 5 New Hampshire 7.8
6 Kentucky 18.7 6 Nebraska 7.8
7 Georgia 18.1 7 North Dakota 7.9
8 Delaware 18.1 8 Kansas 8.0
9 Colorado 17.5 9 South Dakota 8.0
10 Ohio 17.1 10 Minnesota 8.7

(1) Percentage of uninsured drivers, as measured by the ratio of uninsured motorists (UM) claims to bodily injury (BI) claim frequencies.
(2) Rank calculated from unrounded data.

Source: Insurance Research Council.

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Estimated Percentage of Uninsured Motorists by State, 2022 (1)

 

Lowest Uninsured Rank (2) State Uninsured Rank (2)
Alabama 14.2% 20 Montana 8.8% 39
Alaska 11.3 29 Nebraska 7.8 46
Arizona 11.9 27 Nevada 8.8 41
Arkansas 15.1 18 New Hampshire 7.8 47
California 17.0 11 New Jersey 10.9 30
Colorado 17.5 9 New Mexico 24.9 2
Connecticut 10.4 33 New York 10.8 32
Delaware 18.1 8 North Carolina 10.3 34
D.C. 25.2 1 North Dakota 7.9 45
Florida (3) 15.9 15 Ohio 17.1 10
Georgia 18.1 7 Oklahoma 11.8 28
Hawaii 10.9 31 Oregon 12.3 24
Idaho 6.2 49 Pennsylvania 9.6 37
Illinois 16.3 13 Rhode Island 15.6 16
Indiana 13.9 21 South Carolina 12.3 25
Iowa 9.9 35 South Dakota 8.0 43
Kansas 8.0 44 Tennessee 20.9 4
Kentucky 18.7 6 Texas 13.8 22
Louisiana 13.7 23 Utah 7.3 48
Maine 6.2 50 Vermont 9.7 36
Maryland 15.1 17 Virginia 12.1 26
Massachusetts 8.8 40 Washington 16.5 12
Michigan 19.6 5 West Virginia 8.9 38
Minnesota 8.7 42 Wisconsin 15.1 19
Mississippi 22.2 3 Wyoming 5.9 51
Missouri 16.0 14      

(1) Percentage of uninsured drivers, as measured by the ratio of uninsured motorists (UM) claims to bodily injury (BI) claims frequencies.
(2) Rank calculated from unrounded data.
(3) In Florida, compulsory auto laws apply to personal injury protection (PIP) and physical damage, but not to third party bodily injury coverage.

Source: Insurance Research Council.

Automobile Financial Responsibility Limits By State

(As of December 2023)

State Insurance required Minimum liability limits (1)
Alabama BI & PD Liability 25/50/25
Alaska BI & PD Liability 50/100/25
Arizona BI & PD Liability 25/50/15
Arkansas BI & PD Liability, PIP 25/50/25
California BI & PD Liability 15/30/5 (2)
Colorado BI & PD Liability 25/50/15
Connecticut BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM 25/50/25
Delaware BI & PD Liability, PIP 25/50/10
DC BI & PD Liability, UM 25/50/10
Florida PD Liability, PIP 10/20/10
Georgia BI & PD Liability 25/50/25
Hawaii BI & PD Liability, PIP 20/40/10
Idaho BI & PD Liability 25/50/15
Illinois BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM 25/50/20
Indiana BI & PD Liability 25/50/25
Iowa BI & PD Liability 20/40/15
Kansas BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM 25/50/15
Kentucky BI & PD Liability, PIP 25/50/25 (3)
Louisiana BI & PD Liability 15/30/25
Maine BI & PD Liability, MED, UM, UIM 50/100/25 (3)
Maryland BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM 30/60/15 (3)
Massachusetts BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM 20/40/5
Michigan BI & PD Liability, PIP 250/500/10 (4)
Minnesota BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM 30/60/10
Mississippi BI & PD Liability 25/50/25
Missouri BI & PD Liability, UM 25/50/25
Montana BI & PD Liability 25/50/20
Nebraska BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM 25/50/25
Nevada BI & PD Liability 25/50/20
New Hampshire FR Only 25/50/25
New Jersey BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM 25/50/25 (5)
New Mexico BI & PD Liability 25/50/10
New York BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM 25/50/10 (6)
North Carolina BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM 30/60/25
North Dakota BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM 25/50/25
Ohio BI & PD Liability 25/50/25
Oklahoma BI & PD Liability 25/50/25
Oregon BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM 25/50/20
Pennsylvania BI & PD Liability, PIP 15/30/5
Rhode Island BI & PD Liability 25/50/25 (3)
South Carolina BI & PD Liability, UM 25/50/25
South Dakota BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM 25/50/25
Tennessee BI & PD Liability 25/50/25
Texas BI & PD Liability 30/60/25
Utah BI & PD Liability, PIP 25/65/15 (3)
Vermont BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM 25/50/10
Virginia BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM 30/60/20 (7)
Washington BI & PD Liability 25/50/10
West Virginia BI & PD Liability, UM 25/50/25
Wisconsin BI & PD Liability, UM 25/50/10
Wyoming BI & PD Liability 25/50/20

(1) The first two numbers refer to bodily injury (BI) liability limits and the third number to property damage (PD) liability. For example, 20/40/10 means coverage up to $40,000 for all persons injured in an accident, subject to a limit of $20,000 for one individual, and $10,000 coverage for property damage.
(2) Low-cost policy limits for low-income drivers in the California Automobile Assigned Risk Plan are 10/20/3.
(3) Instead of policy limits, policyholders can satisfy the requirement with a combined single limit policy. Amounts vary by state.
(4) Lower limits available only with state director approval.
(5) Basic policy (optional) limits are 10/10/5. Uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage not available under the basic policy but uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage is required under the standard policy. Special Automobile Insurance Policy available for certain drivers which only covers emergency treatment and a $10,000 death benefit.
(6) In addition, policyholders must have 50/100 for wrongful death coverage.
(7) Compulsory to buy insurance or pay an uninsured motorists vehicle (UMV) fee to the state department of motor vehicles.

Note: State laws regarding mandatory requirements for uninsured and underinsured motorists vary. State departments of insurance should be consulted to determine whether these coverages are compulsory.

Source: State departments of insurance, Excerpted from Automobile Financial Responsibility Laws and Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist and Umbrella Coverage Requirements, property of American Property Casualty Insurers Association.

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