A Firm Foundation: How Insurance Supports the Economy

Many different programs are in place across the United States provide insurance to high-risk policyholders who may have difficulty obtaining coverage from the standard market. So called residual, shared or involuntary market programs make basic insurance coverage more readily available. Today, property insurance from the residual market is provided by Fair Access to Insurance Requirements (FAIR) Plans, Beach and Windstorm Plans, and two state-run insurance companies in Florida and Louisiana: Florida Citizens Property Insurance Corp. (CPIC) and Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corp. (Louisiana Citizens). Established in the late 1960s to ensure the continued provision of insurance in urban areas, FAIR Plans often provide property insurance in both urban and coastal areas, while Beach and Windstorm Plans cover predominantly wind-only risks in designated coastal areas. Hybrid plans, like Florida's and Louisiana’s plans, provide property insurance throughout those states. It is important to note that in addition to windstorm risk, these plans routinely cover a range of other exposures, such as vandalism and fire.

 

Insurance Provided By FAIR Plans By State, Fiscal Year 2022 (1)

 

  Number of policies    
State Habitational Commercial Total Exposure (2)
($000)		 Direct premiums
written ($000)
California 254,478 6,943 261,421 $209,808,071 $649,649
Connecticut  1,159 40 1,199 243,164 $1,731
Delaware 1,078 55 1,133 203,941 462
D.C. 107 10 117 43,954 132
Florida (3) 1,214,351 6,546 1,220,897 422,953,352 3,190,080
Georgia 9,217 326 9,543 1,424,777 12,433
Illinois 2,441 68 2,509 260,925 3,166
Indiana 660 39 699 1,918 1,718
Iowa 794 13 807 54,481 691
Kansas 12,138 166 12,304 794,447 7,132
Kentucky 4,989 221 5,210 229,641 2,681
Louisiana (3) 146,056 8,451 154,507 40,935,450 424,637
Maryland 689 41 730 280,471 583
Massachusetts 197,010 167 197,177 90,572,584 313,923
Michigan 15,270 234 15,504 2,246,608 10,351
Minnesota 3,764 55 3,819 311,237 3,007
Mississippi (4) 2,891 N/A 2,891 170,503 2,085
Missouri 1,954 87 2,041 166,419 1,757
New Jersey 7,593 199 7,792 1,133,706 5,239
New Mexico 7,409 253 7,662 790,570 4,497
New York 20,814 2,383 23,197 6,892,000 26,755
North Carolina 211,662 6,844 218,506 33,404,590 153,287
Ohio 10,930 248 11,178 3,502,565 11,096
Oregon 1,722 69 1,791 355,032 1,359
Pennsylvania 9,462 849 10,311 1,080,321 4,316
Rhode Island 12,859 90 12,949 4,090,489 23,330
Texas (4) 66,488 N/A 66,488 11,301,744 76,881
Virginia 22,118 422 22,540 3,509,847 15,818
Washington 116 82 198 70,150 442
West Virginia 276 44 320 25,984 224
Wisconsin 3,822 114 3,936 471,781 2,353
Total                   2,244,317 35,059 2,279,376 $837,330,722 $4,951,815

(1) Excludes the FAIR Plans of Arkansas and Hawaii.
(2) Exposure is the estimate of the aggregate value of all insurance in force in all FAIR Plans in all lines (except liability, where applicable, and crime) for 12 months ending September through December.
(3) Citizens Property Insurance Corporation, which combined the FAIR and Beach Plans.
(4) The Mississippi and Texas FAIR Plans do not offer a commercial policy.

Source: Property Insurance Plans Service Office (PIPSO).

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Insurance Provided By Beach And Windstorm Plans, Fiscal Year 2022 (1)

 

  Number of policies    
State Habitational Commercial Total Exposure (2)
($000)		 Direct premiums
written ($000)
Alabama 18,001 23 18,024 $6,359,410 $28,049
Mississippi 12,052 213 12,265 2,452,378 31,420
North Carolina 218,906 10,065 228,971 96,406,877 455,646
South Carolina 14,715 230 14,945 $5,443,515 36,853
Texas 223,925 8,811 232,736 75,698,532 518,299
Total 487,599 19,342 506,941 $186,360,712 $1,070,267

(1) The Florida and Louisiana Beach Plans merged with their FAIR Plans, see chart, Insurance Provided By FAIR Plans By State.
(2) Exposure is the estimate of the aggregate value of all insurance in force in each state’s Beach and Windstorm Plan in all lines (except liability, where applicable, and crime) for 12 months ending September through December.

Source: Property Insurance Plans Service Office (PIPSO).

View Archived Tables