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Defense Costs and Cost Containment Expenses as a Percent of Incurred Losses, 2022-2024 (1)

($000)
2022 2023 2024
Amount As a
percent of
incurred losses		 Amount As a
percent of
incurred losses		 Amount As a
percent of
incurred losses
Product liability $751,333 46.2% $869,370 40.8% $768,925 33.6%
Medical professional liability 1,943,401 35.3 2,214,830 35.8 1,833,495 28.8
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,248,506 22.2 2,724,149 25.5 2,863,349 23.8
Other liability 7,093,556 13.7 8,333,875 14.8 9,111,070 14.1
Workers compensation 2,975,641 13.9 3,086,005 14.3 3,337,727 16.1
Commercial auto liability 2,462,641 9.4 2,955,885 9.8 3,474,871 10.4
Private passenger auto liability 5,947,243 5.0 6,270,745 5.0 7,024,488 5.3
All liability lines $23,422,321 10.0% $26,454,859 10.5% $28,413,925 10.5%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Defense Costs and Cost Containment Expenses as a Percent of Incurred Losses, 2021-2023 (1)

($000)
  2021 2022 2023
  Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses
Product liability $713,268 46.6% $751,333 46.2% $869,370 40.8%
Medical professional liability 1,969,451 36.7 1,943,401 35.3 2,205,636 35.7
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,272,853 30.0 2,248,506 22.2 2,724,149 25.5
Other liability 6,945,720 15.9 7,093,556 13.7 8,332,174 14.8
Workers compensation 2,593,464 12.3 2,975,641 13.9 3,085,693 14.3
Commercial auto liability 2,146,754 10.2 2,462,641 9.4 2,955,885 9.8
Private passenger auto liability 5,378,307 5.6 5,947,243 5.0 6,270,745 5.0
All liability lines $22,019,817 11.3% $23,422,321 10.0% $26,443,652 10.4%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Defense Costs And Cost Containment Expenses As A Percent of Incurred Losses, 2020-2022 (1)

($000)
  2020 2021 2022
  Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses
Product liability $667,390 60.9% $712,979 46.6% $748,723 45.6%
Medical professional liability 2,100,614 42.4 1,977,556 36.7 1,842,684 35.8
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,205,799 28.4 2,272,005 30.0 2,234,957 21.7
Other liability 7,140,907 17.8 6,931,883 15.9 7,051,178 13.6
Workers compensation 2,348,618 11.5 2,546,513 12.5 2,914,828 14.0
Commercial auto liability 2,028,971 10.5 2,137,726 10.1 2,412,353 9.2
Private passenger auto liability 5,425,879 6.6 5,378,233 5.6 5,909,920 5.0
All liability lines $21,918,178 12.5% $21,956,895 11.2% $23,114,643 9.9%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Defense Costs And Cost Containment Expenses As A Percent of Incurred Losses, 2019-2021 (1)

($000)
2019 2020 2021
Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses
Product liability $668,418 50.4% $667,390 60.9% $712,976 46.6%
Medical professional liability 1,910,421 40.7 2,100,614 42.4 1,976,972 36.7
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,531,192 32.9 2,205,799 28.4 2,269,930 30.0
Other liability 6,569,424 19.1 7,140,769 17.8 6,930,792 15.9
Workers compensation 2,787,561 13.1 2,348,365 11.5 2,546,513 12.5
Commercial auto liability 2,132,765 10.5 2,028,971 10.5 2,136,219 10.1
Private passenger auto liability 6,574,588 6.8 5,425,870 6.6 5,378,643 5.6
All liability lines $23,174,369 12.5% 21,917,778 12.5% $21,952,045 11.2%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Defense Costs And Cost Containment Expenses As A Percent of Incurred Losses, 2018-2020 (1)

($000)
  2018 2019 2020
  Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses
Product liability $879,786 68.0% $660,292 49.4% $667,390 60.9%
Medical professional liability 1,698,577 41.9 1,910,421 40.7 2,100,614 42.4
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,276,691 31.2 2,527,296 32.8 2,205,799 28.4
Other liability 4,552,421 14.8 6,580,700 19.2 7,140,717 17.8
Workers compensation 3,056,129 14.2 2,773,183 13.1 2,346,484 11.5
Commercial auto liability 1,823,122 10.2 2,140,124 10.5 2,028,971 10.5
Private passenger auto liability 6,007,501 6.5 6,575,194 6.8 5,425,870 6.6
All liability lines $20,294,227 11.6% $23,167,210 12.5% $21,915,845 12.5%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Defense Costs And Cost Containment Expenses As A Percent of Incurred Losses, 2017-2019 (1)

($000)
  2017 2018 2019
  Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses
Product liability $645,190 68.6% $861,155 66.4% $668,304 50.4%
Medical professional liability 1,660,939 43.7 1,690,271 41.8 1,891,994 40.5
Other liability 3,778,162 38.2 3,966,294 35.0 4,421,983 35.7
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,117,223 34.8 2,276,023 31.2 2,529,989 32.8
Workers compensation 2,956,635 13.6 3,065,540 14.3 2,783,923 13.2
Commercial auto liability 1,746,182 11.2 1,823,716 10.2 2,123,461 10.4
Private passenger auto liability 5,380,006 5.9 6,007,796 6.5 6,573,122 6.8
All liability lines $18,284,337 12.3% $19,690,795 12.7% $20,992,776 12.8%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Defense Costs And Cost Containment Expenses As A Percent of Incurred Losses, 2016-2018 (1)

($000)
  2016 2017 2018
  Amount As a percent
of incurred
losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred
losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred
losses
Product liability $844,606 102.5% $645,190 68.6% $861,155 66.4%
Medical professional liability 1,920,552 50.3 1,660,939 43.7 1,690,271 41.8
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,152,076 35.0 2,117,223 34.8 2,276,024 31.2
Private passenger auto liability 5,008,575 20.9 5,380,006 24.8 6,007,796 27.9
Other liability 4,066,992 15.4 5,167,731 21.9 4,573,280 14.9
Commercial auto liability 1,487,106 9.9 1,746,182 11.2 1,823,716 10.2
Workers compensation 3,270,001 3.7 2,956,635 3.3 3,065,540 3.3
All liability lines $13,992,801 11.4% $14,971,089 12.1% $15,408,526 11.6%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Defense Costs And Cost Containment Expenses As A Percent of Incurred Losses, 2015-2017 (1)

($000)
  2015 2016 2017
  Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses
Product liability $1,037,576 70.5% $844,615 102.5% $648,145 68.9%
Medical malpractice 1,871,109 53.8 1,927,338 50.3 1,652,485 43.3
Commercial multiple peril (2) 1,977,804 34.7 2,152,707 35.0 2,114,746 34.8
Other liability 4,786,370 19.9 4,066,792 15.4 5,163,952 21.9
Workers compensation 3,315,025 13.6 3,276,491 13.7 2,955,804 13.6
Commercial auto liability 1,542,092 11.3 1,487,353 9.9 1,745,693 11.2
Private passenger auto liability 4,924,216 6.2 5,008,720 5.7 5,371,440 5.9
All liability lines $19,454,192 12.8% $18,764,016 11.4% $19,652,265 12.1%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Defense Costs And Cost Containment Expenses As A Percent of Incurred Losses, 2014-2016 (1)

($000)
  2014 2015 2016
  Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses
Product liability $953,008 85.0% $1,037,580 70.5% $844,602 102.5%
Medical malpractice 1,873,518 44.3 1,867,891 53.7 1,920,552 50.3
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,085,336 38.9 1,978,730 34.7 2,151,790 35.0
Other liability 4,367,724 20.4 4,788,421 20.0 4,066,892 15.4
Workers compensation 3,369,341 13.0 3,308,079 13.6 3,270,001 13.6
Commercial auto liability 1,266,020 10.6 1,541,634 11.3 1,486,922 9.9
Private passenger auto liability 4,714,964 6.5 4,917,582 6.2 5,008,093 5.7
All liability lines $18,629,911 13.1% $19,439,917 12.8% $18,748,852 11.4%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Defense Costs And Cost Containment Expenses As A Percent Of Incurred Losses, 2013-2015 (1)

($000)
  2013 2014 2015
  Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses
Product liability $1,166,236 75.1% $952,997 77.4% $1,037,576 70.5%
Medical malpractice 1,656,257 53.3 1,873,835 43.2 1,871,109 53.8
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,096,543 37.7 2,083,103 39.1 1,977,804 34.7
Other liability 4,914,500 25.4 4,366,030 21.1 4,786,370 19.9
Workers compensation 3,035,186 12.3 3,357,813 12.9 3,305,927 13.7
Commercial auto liability 1,207,682 10.7 1,266,051 10.6 1,541,787 11.4
Private passenger auto liability 4,600,395 6.8 4,714,942 6.5 4,923,908 6.2
All liability lines $18,676,799 14.0% $18,614,771 13.1% $19,444,481 12.8%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

DEFENSE COSTS AND COST CONTAINMENT EXPENSES AS A PERCENT OF INCURRED LOSSES, 2012-2014 (1)

($000)
  2012 2013 2014
  Amount As a percent of
incurred losses		 Amount As a percent of
incurred losses		 Amount As a percent of
incurred losses
Product liability $873,860 114.7% $1,166,236 75.1% $952,997 77.4%
Medical malpractice 1,686,009 45.7 1,656,257 53.3 1,873,874 43.2
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,022,739 46.0 2,096,543 37.7 2,083,103 39.1
Other liability 4,959,838 24.8 4,914,374 25.4 4,365,569 21.1
Workers compensation 3,071,093 12.3 3,018,372 12.3 3,357,813 12.9
Commercial auto liability 1,091,434 10.4 1,207,681 10.7 1,266,046 10.6
Private passenger auto liability 4,353,427 6.7 4,600,395 6.8 4,714,584 6.5
All liability lines $18,058,400 13.9% $18,659,858 14.0% $18,613,986 13.1%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excludes state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: SNL Financial LC.

DEFENSE COSTS AND COST CONTAINMENT EXPENSES AS A PERCENT OF INCURRED LOSSES, 2011-2013 (1)

($000)
  2011 2012 2013
  Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses		 Amount As a percent
of incurred losses
Products liability $1,140,230 72.0% $873,860 114.7% $1,166,236 75.1%
Medical malpractice 1,793,296 57.5 1,686,009 45.7 1,656,049 53.3
Commercial multiple peril (2) 1,896,935 37.6 2,022,739 46.0 2,096,543 37.7
Other liability 4,464,140 25.0 4,959,838 24.8 4,914,106 25.4
Workers compensation 3,087,836 12.6 3,071,093 12.3 3,012,719 12.3
Commercial auto liability 960,961 10.3 1,091,434 10.4 1,207,596 10.7
Private passenger auto liability 3,960,967 6.2 4,353,427 6.7 4,600,395 6.8
All liability lines $17,304,365 13.8% $18,058,400 13.9% $18,653,644 14.0%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excludes state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: SNL Financial LC.

DEFENSE COSTS AND COST CONTAINMENT EXPENSES AS A PERCENT OF INCURRED LOSSES, 2010-2012 (1)

($000)
2010 2011 2012
Amount As a percent of
incurred losses		 Amount As a percent of
incurred losses		 Amount As a percent of
incurred losses
Products liability $899,174 54.7% $1,140,230 72.0% $873,860 114.7%
Commercial multiple peril (2) 1,881,223 44.7 1,896,935 37.6 2,022,739 46.0
Medical malpractice 1,809,106 61.4 1,793,296 57.5 1,685,867 45.7
Other liability 5,270,556 25.5 4,464,140 25.0 4,959,838 24.8
Workers compensation 2,502,138 11.2 3,087,836 12.6 3,053,222 12.4
Commercial auto liability 927,259 10.5 960,961 10.3 1,090,969 10.4
Private passenger auto liability 3,946,241 6.2 3,960,967 6.2 4,343,521 6.7
All liability lines $17,235,697 13.8% $17,304,365 13.8% $18,030,016 14.0%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excludes state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: SNL Financial LC.

DEFENSE COSTS AND COST CONTAINMENT EXPENSES AS A PERCENT OF INCURRED LOSSES, 2009-2011 (1)

($000)
2009 2010 2011
Amount As a percent of
incurred losses		 Amount As a percent of
incurred losses		 Amount As a percent of
incurred losses
Products liability $1,029,911 86.2% $895,591 57.0% $1,140,722 73.4%
Medical malpractice 1,886,557 57.2 1,809,027 61.4 1,795,637 57.6
Commercial multiple peril (2) 1,799,507 43.7 1,880,945 44.7 1,897,812 37.6
Other liability 5,174,214 24.8 5,289,524 25.6 4,456,024 25.3
Workers compensation 2,407,144 10.8 2,492,866 11.2 3,089,083 12.7
Commercial auto liability 963,574 10.3 929,063 10.6 961,042 10.3
Private passenger auto liability 3,928,788 6.3 3,946,431 6.2 3,959,017 6.2
All liability lines $17,189,695 13.9% $17,243,447 13.8% $17,299,337 13.8%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: SNL Financial LC.

DEFENSE COSTS AND COST CONTAINMENT EXPENSES AS A PERCENT OF INCURRED LOSSES, 2008-2010 (1)

($000)
2008 2009 2010
Amount As a percent of incurred losses Amount As a percent of incurred losses Amount As a percent of incurred losses
Medical malpractice $1,865,598 58.3% $1,886,557 57.2% $1,808,104 61.4%
Products liablity 1,028,628 63.8 1,028,628 63.8 895,591 57.0
Commercial multiple peril (2) 1,811,415 34.3 1,799,507 43.7 1,880,941 44.7
Other liability 4,835,297 25.5 5,174,214 24.8 5,289,585 25.6
Workers compensation 2,642,574 11.8 2,407,144 10.8 2,492,843 11.2
Commercial auto liability 1,070,040 10.7 963,574 10.3 929,009 10.6
Private passenger auto liability 3,595,860 5.9 3,928,788 6.3 3,946,317 6.2
All liability lines $16,849,412 13.8% $17,188,412 13.8% $17,242,390 13.8%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: SNL Financial LC.

DEFENSE COSTS AND COST CONTAINMENT EXPENSES AS A PERCENT OF INCURRED LOSSES, 2006-2008 (1)

($000)
2006 2007  2008
Amount As a percent of incurred losses Amount As a percent of incurred losses Amount As a percent of incurred losses
Products liability $875,027 134.6% $953,252 78.6% $1,033,796 65.4%
Medical malpractice 2,438,039 56.6 2,048,106 55.2 1,860,793 58.1
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,322,743 36.7 2,145,905 41.3 1,810,340 34.3
Other liability  5,727,069 27.1 5,374,618 24.6 4,821,033 24.4
Commercial auto liability 1,062,688 9.9 1,167,397 11.6 1,065,820 10.7
Workers compensation 2,734,225 11.0 2,913,659 12.0 2,646,662 11.6
Private passenger auto liability 3,716,980 6.6 3,643,939 6.1 3,602,567 5.9
All liability lines $18,876,771 15.2% $18,246,876 14.5% $16,841,011 13.6%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Annual Statement Database, via Highline Data, LLC. Copyrighted information. No portion of this work may be copied or redistributed without the express written permission of Highline Data, LLC.

Defense Costs and Cost Containment Expenses as a Percent of Incurred Losses, 2023-2025 (1)

($000)
2023 2024 2025
Amount As a
percent of
incurred losses		 Amount As a
percent of
incurred losses		 Amount As a
percent of
incurred losses
Product liability $869,370 40.8% $768,925 33.6% $841,283 41.6%
Medical professional liability 2,214,830 35.8 1,834,442 28.7 2,133,647 30.2
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,724,149 25.5 2,865,386 23.7 3,687,810 28.4
Other liability 8,333,878 14.8 9,112,697 14.0 8,807,991 12.8
Workers compensation 3,086,005 14.3 3,338,026 16.1 3,047,811 13.9
Commercial auto liability 2,955,885 9.8 3,474,331 10.3 3,963,224 11.4
Private passenger auto liability 6,271,014 5.0 7,025,835 5.3 6,680,145 4.9
All liability lines $26,455,131 10.5% $28,419,642 10.4% $29,161,911 10.2%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

DEFENSE COSTS AND COST CONTAINMENT EXPENSES AS A PERCENT OF INCURRED LOSSES, 2005-2007 (1)

($000)
2005 2006 2007
Amount As a percent of incurred losses Amount As a percent of incurred losses Amount As a percent of incurred losses
Products liability $1,427,073 70.0% $876,030 134.5% $953,286 78.6%
Medical malpractice 2,427,241 48.0 2,438,039 56.6 2,046,994 55.1
Commercial multiple peril (2) 2,198,246 42.2 2,322,743 36.7 2,143,131 41.2
General liability (3) 6,970,822 28.3 5,727,225 27.1 5,383,918 24.5
Workers compensation 2,735,180 11.1 2,734,225 11.0 2,914,601 12.0
Commercial auto liability 1,039,791 10.0 1,062,703 9.9 1,169,754 11.6
Private passenger auto liability 3,775,207 6.6 3,716,987 6.6 3,646,956 6.1
All liability lines $20,573,560 15.9% $18,877,952 15.2% $18,258,640 14.5%

(1) Net of reinsurance, excluding state funds.
(2) Liability portion only.
(3) Excludes products liability.

Source: National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Annual Statement Database, via Highline Data, LLC. Copyrighted information. No portion of this work may be copied or redistributed without the express written permission of Highline Data, LLC.