State Auto Insurance Laws Governing Liability Coverage
| First-party benefits (PIP) (1) | Restrictions on lawsuits | Thresholds for lawsuits | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| True no-fault | Compulsory | Optional | Yes | No | Monetary | Verbal |
| Florida | X | X | X | |||
| Hawaii | X | X | X | |||
| Kansas | X | X | X | |||
| Kentucky | X | X | X (2) | X (2) | ||
| Massachusetts | X | X | X | |||
| Michigan | X | X | X | |||
| Minnesota | X | X | X | |||
| New Jersey | X | X | X (2) | X (2), (3) | ||
| New York | X | X | X | |||
| North Dakota | X | X | X | |||
| Pennsylvania | X | X | X (2) | X (2) | ||
| Puerto Rico | X | X | X | |||
| Utah | X | X | X | |||
| Add-on | ||||||
| Arkansas | X | X | ||||
| Delaware | X | X | ||||
| D.C. | X | X (4) | X (4) | |||
| Maryland | X | X | ||||
| New Hampshire | X | X | ||||
| Oregon | X | X | ||||
| South Dakota | X | X | ||||
| Texas | X | X | ||||
| Virginia | X | X | ||||
| Washington | X | X | ||||
| Wisconsin | X | X | ||||
(1) Personal injury protection.
(2) Choice no-fault state. Policyholder can choose a policy based on the no-fault system or traditional tort liability.
(3) Verbal threshold for the Basic Liability Policy, the Special Policy and the Standard Policy where the policyholder chooses no-fault. The Basic and Special Policies contain lower amounts of coverage.
(4) The District of Columbia is neither a true no-fault nor add-on state. Drivers are offered the option of no-fault or fault-based coverage, but in the event of a crash a driver who originally chose no-fault benefits has 60 days to decide whether to receive those benefits or file a claim against the other party.
Source: Excerpted from No Fault Benefits and Thresholds-Auto Reparations, property of American Property Casualty Insurers Association.