Facts + Statistics: U.S. catastrophes

2019 natural catastrophes

Insured losses due to natural disasters in the United States in 2019 totaled $25.5 billion, according to Munich Re, down from about $52 billion total for 2018. Severe thunderstorms, with about $20 billion in insured losses, accounted for 80 percent of natural disaster insured losses in 2019. Winter storms and cold waves and tropical cyclones each caused about $2 billion in insured losses, or 8 percent of total insured losses. Floods, earthquakes and other disasters accounted for the remainder of 2019 natural disaster losses.es.

2019 natural and man-made catastrophes

Property Claim Services (PCS®), a Verisk Analytics® business, defines a catastrophe as a natural or man-made event that causes $25 million or more in insured property losses and affects a significant number of property/casualty (P/C) policyholders and insurers. PCS estimates represent anticipated insured losses from catastrophes on an industrywide basis, reflecting insurance payments before salvage, subrogation or reinsurance for personal and commercial property lines of insurance covering fixed property, vehicles, boats, related-property items, business interruption and additional living expenses. PCS estimates do not include loss adjustment expenses. P/C insurance industry catastrophe losses in the United States in 2019 dropped by about half (52 percent) to $24.4 billion from $50.9 billion in 2018, according to PCS. Insured losses in 2017 were the highest since PCS began collecting insured loss data in 1949. The number of catastrophes rose to 61 in 2019 from 55 in 2018. The number of catastrophes in 2019 was the highest number of catastrophes in any year with a threshold of $25 million or more in insured losses.

Natural Catastrophe Losses In The United States, 2019 (1)

($ millions)

Event	Number of events (2)	Fatalities	Overall losses	Insured losses (3)
Severe thunderstorm	49	70	$27,000	$20,300
Winter storms and cold waves	16	73	7,400	2,100
Tropical cyclone	5	16	3,900	1,900
Wildfire, heat waves, and drought	9	11	1,300	830
Flood, flash flood	9	7	10100	200
Earthquake and geopyhsical	2	3	180	50
Total	90	180	$49,900	$25,500

(1) As of May, 2020.
(2) Events that have caused at least one fatality or losses of $3 million or more.
(3) Sourced from Property Claim Services based on property losses including, if applicable, agricultural, offshore, marine, aviation and National Flood Insurance Progam losses; may differ from data shown elsewhere.

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Below are charts from Munich Re, which include flood insurance losses in its calculations. The reinsurer estimated insured natural catastrophe losses in the United States for 2018 at $52 billion.

Loss Events in the U.S., 1980-2018

(Number of relevant events by peril)

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Loss Events in the U.S., 1980-2018

(Overall and insured losses)

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Loss Events in the U.S., 1980-2018

(Overall losses: nominal, inflation adjusted, and normalized)

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Convective Storm Events* in the U.S., 1980-2018

(Overall and insured losses)

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Convective Storm Events* in the U.S., 1980-2018

(Overall losses: nominal, inflation adjusted, and normalized)

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Tropical Storms and Hurricanes in the U.S., 1980-2018

(Insured property losses per state)

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Tropical Storms and Hurricanes in the U.S., 1980-2018

(Overall losses: nominal, inflation adjusted, and normalized)

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U.S., total catastrophes

The Property Claim Services (PCS) division of Verisk Analytics defines a catastrophe as an event that causes $25 million or more in insured property losses and affects a significant number of property/casualty policyholders and insurers. The estimates in the following chart represent anticipated insured losses from catastrophes on an industrywide basis, reflecting the total net insurance payment for personal and commercial property lines of insurance covering fixed property, vehicles, boats, related-property items, business interruption and additional living expenses.

Estimated Insured Property Losses, U.S. Catastrophes, 2010-2019 (1)

Year	Number of catastrophes	Number of claims (millions)	Dollars when occurred ($ billions)	In 2019 dollars (2) ($ billions)
2010	34	2.4	$14.3	$16.7
2011	30	4.9	33.6	38.5
2012	26	4.0	35.0	39.3
2013	29	1.8	12.9	14.2
2014	32	2.1	15.5	16.8
2015	40	2.0	15.2	16.4
2016	43	3.0	21.7	23.0
2017	46	5.3	106.5	111.0
2018	55	3.0	50.0	50.9
2019	61	2.3	24.4	24.4

(1) Includes catastrophes causing insured property losses of at least $25 million in 1997 dollars and affecting a significant number of policyholders and insurers. Excludes losses covered by the federally administered National Flood Insurance Program. As of April 17, 2020.
(2) Adjusted for inflation through 2019 by the Insurance Information Institute using the GDP implicit price deflator.

Source: Property Claim Services® (PCS®), a unit of ISO®, a Verisk Analytics® company; Bureau of Economic Analysis.

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The chart below shows insured losses for the top 10 U.S. catastrophes in dollars when they occurred and in 2019 dollars, adjusted for inflation. Insured losses for the catastrophic hurricanes of 2017—Maria, Irma and Harvey—are represented as a range. This is because factors such as the severity of the losses and the fact that the storms happened in rapid succession—which strained resources in the claim settlement process—have hindered the development of final estimates. The amount of insured losses for Irma in Florida are still to be determined; claims have been reopened, and business interruption losses for all three storms are still being settled. The Insurance Information Institute has developed the ranges after studying estimates from catastrophe modelers and other organizations. Losses for one event in 2018—Hurricane Michael—are included in the chart with losses represented by a range as claims remain open.

Top 10 Costliest Catastrophes, United States (1)

($ millions)

				Estimated insured property loss
Rank	Date	Peril	Location	Dollars when occurred	In 2019 dollars (2)
1	Aug. 2005	Hurricane Katrina	AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, TN	$41,100	$52,828
2	Sep. 2017	Hurricane Maria (3)	PR, USVI	25,000-30,000	26,100-31,300
3	Sep. 2017	Hurricane Irma (3)	AL, FL, GA, NC, PR, SC, USVI	25,000-30,000	26,100-31,300
4	Aug. 2017	Hurricane Harvey (3)	AL, LA, MS, NC, TN, TX	18,000-20,000	18,800-20,800
5	Sep. 2001	September 11: Fire, Explosion: World Trade Center, Pentagon terrorist attacks	NY, VA	18,779	26,431
6	Oct. 2012	Hurricane Sandy	CT, DC, DE, MA, MD, ME, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV	18,750	21,065
7	Aug. 1992	Hurricane Andrew	FL, LA	15,500	25,867
8	Jan. 1994	Northridge, CA earthquake	CA	12,500	19,952
9	Sep. 2008	Hurricane Ike	AR, IL, IN, KY, LA, MO, OH, PA, TX	12,500	14,898
10	Oct. 2018	Hurricane Michael	AL, FL, GA, MD, NC, SC, VA	9,000-12,000	9,200-12,200

(1) Property losses only. Excludes flood damage covered by the federally administered National Flood Insurance Program. Ranked on dollars when occurred. As of April 17, 2020.
(2) Adjusted for inflation through 2019 by the Insurance Information Institute using the GDP implicit price deflator.
(3) Insurance Information Institute estimate based on data from catastrophe risk modelers, reinsurance companies, the Property Claims Services unit of Verisk Analytics, the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation. These estimates are preliminary because the organizations involved periodically resurvey the events, and the severity of losses and other factors create a high level of uncertainty surrounding the ultimate loss figures.

Source: Insurance Information Institute, catastrophe risk modelers, reinsurance companies, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation,
the Property Claim Services® (PCS®) unit of ISO®, a Verisk Analytics® company, and the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.

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U.S. Inflation-Adjusted Cat Losses, 1980-2018

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*2018: Inflation-adjusted estimate, subject to change. 2010s is average of 2010 to 2018.

Note: As of Feb. 14, 2019.

Sources: Property Claims Service, a Verisk Analytics business; Insurance Information Institute.

2019 catastrophes

Insured losses by state were highest in Texas in 2019, with $7.2 billion in losses from 583,050 claims.
Illinois ranked second with $1.7 billion in insured losses and 168,100 claims.

Top 10 States By Insured Catastrophe Losses, 2019 (1)

($ millions)

Rank	State	Estimated insured loss	Number of claims
1	Texas	$7,236.4	583,050
2	Illinois	1,707.2	168,100
3	Colorado	1,366.9	127,450
4	Ohio	1,345.1	106,950
5	California	1,321.7	71,450
6	Minnesota	1,202.3	115,350
7	Pennsylvania	1,107.5	149,150
8	Nebraska	864.1	71,950
9	Oklahoma	597.8	57,100
10	Montana	593.5	36,300