Facts + Statistics: Highway safety

The cost and crashworthiness of vehicles as well as drivers’ safety habits affect the cost of auto insurance. Out of concern for public safety and to help reduce the cost of crashes, insurers support safe driving initiatives. The insurance industry is a major supporter of anti-drunk driving and seatbelt usage campaigns.

 

Lives saved by safety devices

• Airbags: Airbags are designed to inflate in moderate to severe frontal crashes. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) says that as of 2013 there were 202 million airbag-equipped passenger vehicles on the road in the United States, including 199 million with dual air bags. The agency says that frontal airbags saved the lives of 2,756 occupants age 13 and older in 2016. Airbags, combined with seatbelts, are the most effective safety protection available for passenger vehicles. Seatbelts alone reduce the risk of fatal injury to front-seat passenger car occupants by 45 percent. The fatality-reducing effectiveness for frontal airbags is 14 percent when no seatbelt is used and 11 percent when a seatbelt is used in conjunction with airbags.
• Seatbelts: Among passenger vehicle occupants age five and older, seatbelts saved an estimated 14,668 lives in 2016. In fatal crashes in 2015, about 80 percent of passenger vehicle occupants who were totally ejected from the vehicle were killed. NHTSA says that when used seat belts reduce the risk of fatal injury to front seat passenger car occupants by 45 percent and the risk of moderate-to-critical injury by 50 percent. For light truck occupants, the risk is reduced by 60 percent and 65 percent, respectively.
• Child safety seats: NHTSA says that in 2016 the lives of an estimated 328 children under the age of five were saved by restraints.
• Motorcycle helmets: NHTSA estimates that helmets saved the lives of 1,859 motorcyclists in 2016. If all motorcyclists had worn helmets, an additional 802 lives could have been saved.
• Helmets are estimated to be 37 percent effective in preventing fatal injuries to motorcycle riders and 41 percent for motorcycle passengers. In other words, for every 100 motorcycle riders killed in crashes while not wearing a helmet, 37 of them could have been saved had all 100 worn helmets.
• Electronic stability control: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) requires all vehicles manufactured after model year 2012 to have electronic stability control (ESC). All new passenger cars, light trucks, SUVs and vans must comply with the requirement. ESC was designed to help prevent rollovers and other types of crashes by controlling brakes and engine power.
• NHTSA says ESC saved about 1,949 passenger car occupant lives in 2015 including 857 passenger car occupants, and 1,091 lives among light truck and van occupants. The 2015 total for lives compares with 1,575 lives saved in 2014 and 1,380 lives saved in 2013. Over the five years from 2011 to 2015, NHTSA says the ESC has saved a total of more than 7,000 lives.

 

Motor vehicle crashes

2017: According to preliminary estimates from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 37,150 people died in motor vehicle traffic crashes in 2017, down about 0.8 percent from 2016. This decrease would be the first decline in traffic fatalities since significant increases were recorded in 2015 and 2016. Vehicle miles travelled is projected to have increased about 1.2 percent. The fatality rate per 100 million vehicle miles travelled is projected to be 1.17, compared to 1.18 in 2016.

2016: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reports that 37,461 people died in motor vehicle crashes in 2016, up 5.6 percent from 35,485 in 2015. According to NHTSA, distracted and drowsy driving deaths fell in 2016, but deaths involving other reckless behavior, such as speeding, alcohol impairment, and not wearing seatbelts continued to increase. The fatality rate, measured as deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, rose to 1.18 in 2016, from 1.15 in 2015.

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, vehicle occupants accounted for 66 percent of traffic deaths in 2015. Motorcycle riders accounted for 14 percent. Pedestrians accounted for another 15 percent; pedalcyclists, bus and other nonoccupants accounted for the remainder.

 

Motor Vehicle Deaths Per 100,000 Persons By Age, 2016

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Source: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

View Archived Graphs

 

Motor vehicle crashes by time of year

Traffic fatalities spike during different periods.

• In 2015 October had the most fatal crashes, February had the least, according to data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).
• In 2015, about 50 percent of fatal crashes occurred on Friday, Saturday or Sunday, according to NHTSA.
• The beginning of daylight savings is linked to an increase in auto accidents, according to an analysis by the University of British Columbia and a study by researchers at John Hopkins and Stanford University.
• Fifty more people on average die in traffic crashes during Thanksgiving week than during other weeks of the year, according to a University of Alabama study. Speeding, alcohol, time of day and weather, factors that affect crashes all year, are exaggerated during the holiday.
• Holidays are generally a time of increased travel. In 2015, Labor Day was the holiday period with the most motor vehicle deaths (394), followed by Thanksgiving Day (386), Memorial Day (367), Independence Day (366), New Year’s Day (355) and Christmas Day (273). See chart below.

 

Distracted driving

Activities that take drivers’ attention off the road, including talking or texting on cellphones, eating, conversing with passengers and other distractions, are a major safety threat. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) gauges distracted driving by collecting data on distraction-affected crashes,  which focus on distractions that are most likely to affect crash involvement such as dialing a cellphone or texting and being distracted by another person or an outside event. In 2015, 3,477 people were killed in distraction-affected crashes, and 391,000 people were injured. There were 3,196 distraction-affected fatal crashes, accounting for 10 percent of all fatal crashes in the nation, 15 percent of injury crashes and 14 percent of all motor vehicle crashes in 2015.

However, texting bans may not reduce crash rates, according to a Highway Loss Data Institute study of collision claims patterns in California, Louisiana, Minnesota and Washington before and after texting bans went into effect. Collisions went up slightly in all the states, except Washington, where the change was statistically insignificant.

Teen girls are twice as likely as teen boys to use cell phones and other electronic devices while driving, according to a March, 2012 study by the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.

 

Pedestrian accidents

Pedestrians struck by cars are most often hit while in the crosswalk with the signal on their side, according to an analysis of pedestrian injuries treated at Bellevue Hospital Center in New York City. About 8 percent of the injured pedestrians were hurt while using an electronic device, according to the study. The study, which is highlighted in an April 2013 New York Times article, also looked at bicycle injuries. The study was published in the Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. In 2010, 4,280 pedestrians died.

According to NHTSA, 5,987 pedestrians were killed in motor vehicle crashes in the United States in 2016, a 9 percent increase from 5,495 pedestrian fatalities in 2015. Pedestrian fatalities in 2016 were the highest since 1990. In 2016, one pedestrian was killed every 1.5 hours in traffic crashes. Pedestrian deaths accounted for 16 percent of all traffic fatalities in 2016.

In 2016, 34 percent of fatally injured pedestrians had a blood-alcohol content (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher.